Kidney diseases are broadly classified into Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), both of which can lead to permanent kidney damage if untreated.

1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): CKD is a long-term condition where the kidneys progressively lose their function over months or years. It is primarily caused by conditions like diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure). Both these conditions can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to filter waste effectively. The gradual decline can lead to end-stage renal disease, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Reference: National Kidney Foundation. “Chronic Kidney Disease.” Retrieved from https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/about-chronic-kidney-disease

2. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): AKI, on the other hand, is a sudden and temporary loss of kidney function, often due to conditions like COVID-19, infections, dehydration, or the use of contrast media during imaging procedures. AKI is reversible if treated promptly, but if left untreated, it can cause irreversible damage and progress to CKD.

Reference: Mayo Clinic. “Acute Kidney Injury.” Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-kidney-injury